Black Cherry

The black cherry tree is one of Ohio’s most significant trees, valued both ecologically and economically. When young, its bark is smooth and thin, adorned with horizontal bands of prominent pores (lenticels), giving it a dark birch-like appearance. As the tree matures, the bark continues to blacken and develops a distinctive “burnt cornflake” texture, with deepening ridges that enhance its crackled surface. In older trees, peeling bark reveals the warm burnt umber wood beneath, offering a striking contrast to the dark exterior. An almond-like aroma can sometimes be detected when the bark is scraped or when fresh twigs are snapped, though the scent is typically more pronounced in the inner bark and with freshly cut wood. This distinctive fragrance comes from cyanogenic glycosides—specifically prunasin and amygdalin—compounds found not only in the wood, but also in the seeds and leaves, serving as a deterrent against herbivores

By late summer, the small cherries ripen to a reddish-black hue. The tree’s simple, finely serrated leaves turn eye-catching shades of yellow or orange in autumn, while in spring, clusters of small, white, fragrant flowers attract a variety of pollinators.

The black cherry plays a crucial role as a host plant for over 450 species of Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), including the eastern tiger swallowtail and the cecropia moth. Its fruits provide a vital food source for many birds and mammals, such as robins, cedar waxwings, raccoons, and black bears. The cherries have very little flesh, containing a single pit beneath the thin skin. Although these small cherries aren’t like the cherries we can find in grocery stores, they can also be processed into jellies, jams, wines, and syrups, offering a familiar black cherry flavor with hints of almond. However, it’s important to note that the leaves, bark, and seeds contain toxic compounds, which become particularly dangerous to livestock when wilted or dried. This occurs as cell structures break down, releasing enzymes that convert glycosides into cyanide.

Despite its ecological and economic importance, black cherry trees face threats from diseases such as black knot fungus and cherry leaf spot, which can affect their health and longevity. Nevertheless, the black cherry remains a resilient and beneficial species in Ohio’s ecosystems, providing food, shelter, and beauty throughout the seasons.