Pine

A staple of forests and landscapes across the world, pines are among the most recognizable and resilient trees, thriving in a variety of environments from sandy soils to mountainous terrain. Their evergreen needles, bundled in clusters called fascicles, and their distinctive cones make them easy to identify year-round. Pines belong to the genus Pinus, part of the larger pine family (Pinaceae), which includes other conifers like spruces and firs.

Pine trees provide vital food and shelter for wildlife, with their seeds, commonly known as pine nuts, feeding birds, small mammals, and insects, while their dense branches offer year-round cover. Ohio is home to several native and introduced pine species, including the Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), with its soft, flexible needles, and the hardy Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana), known for its scrappy, irregular form.

One of the most fascinating aspects of pines is their resin, a sticky, fragrant substance that plays a crucial role in the tree’s wound healing and defense against pests. You might notice pine trees around you oozing sticky resin from rows of small holes–this often indicates sapsucking woodpeckers are present. Historically, pine resin has been used by humans for waterproofing, adhesives, and even traditional medicines. It can also be processed into turpentine and rosin, both of which have industrial applications.

Pine needles, rich in vitamin C, have traditionally been brewed into tea by indigenous peoples and settlers, offering a refreshing and nutritious drink during all times of the year. The young, tender male cones, as well as the pollen, can also be foraged and used in creative culinary dishes. Such unique and local ingredients are not often seen on the menu!

Pines are not only valuable for their practical uses but also play an important ecological role. Their deep roots help prevent soil erosion, and their presence supports a wide range of insects, birds, and mammals. Whether standing tall in a forest or serving as a windbreak in a backyard, pines have proven to be adaptable through the ages and continue providing value to all who seek it.